Temperature Calculator - Temperature Unit Conversion

This physics calculator helps you convert between different temperature scales. Temperature is a fundamental physical quantity that measures the average kinetic energy of particles.

Temperature Scales

• Celsius (°C): Metric scale, water freezes at 0°C, boils at 100°C
• Fahrenheit (°F): Imperial scale, water freezes at 32°F, boils at 212°F
• Kelvin (K): SI absolute scale, starts at absolute zero (0 K)
• Rankine (°R): Imperial absolute scale, starts at absolute zero (0°R)

Conversion Formulas

• Celsius to Fahrenheit: °F = °C × 9/5 + 32
• Fahrenheit to Celsius: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
• Celsius to Kelvin: K = °C + 273.15
• Kelvin to Celsius: °C = K - 273.15
• Fahrenheit to Kelvin: K = (°F - 32) × 5/9 + 273.15
• Kelvin to Fahrenheit: °F = (K - 273.15) × 9/5 + 32

Temperature Applications

• Weather: Climate and weather forecasting
• Cooking: Food preparation and safety
• Science: Chemical reactions and phase changes
• Engineering: Material properties and thermal design
• Medicine: Body temperature and fever detection
• Industry: Manufacturing and quality control

Important Temperature Points

• Absolute Zero: -273.15°C (0 K) - Lowest possible temperature
• Water Freezing: 0°C (32°F, 273.15 K)
• Water Boiling: 100°C (212°F, 373.15 K)
• Room Temperature: 20-25°C (68-77°F, 293-298 K)
• Body Temperature: 37°C (98.6°F, 310.15 K)

Temperature Effects

• Phase Changes: Melting, freezing, boiling, condensation
• Thermal Expansion: Materials expand when heated
• Chemical Reactions: Rate increases with temperature
• Electrical Resistance: Changes with temperature
• Biological Processes: Enzyme activity and metabolism

Temperature Measurement

• Thermometers: Mercury, alcohol, digital
• Thermocouples: Electrical temperature sensors
• Infrared Sensors: Non-contact temperature measurement
• Thermal Cameras: Temperature imaging

Temperature Scales Comparison

• Absolute Scales: Kelvin and Rankine (start at absolute zero)
• Relative Scales: Celsius and Fahrenheit (arbitrary zero points)
• SI Unit: Kelvin is the official SI temperature unit
• Common Usage: Celsius (scientific), Fahrenheit (US weather)